{"id":4306,"date":"2026-09-26T22:54:29","date_gmt":"2026-09-26T22:54:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/?page_id=4306"},"modified":"2026-09-30T00:19:20","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T00:19:20","slug":"pali-consonant-pronunciation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/km\/pali-consonant-pronunciation\/","title":{"rendered":"How P\u0101li Consonant and Vowel Sounds Are Formed"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4306\" class=\"elementor elementor-4306\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b7fa3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36b7fa3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66222e5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"66222e5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d629b0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d629b0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-breadcrumb\">\n  <a href=\"\/pali-reading-guide\/\">\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8<\/a>\n  <span class=\"separator\">\u203a<\/span>\n  <span>\u1798\u17c1\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1791\u17b8 \u17e1<\/span>\n  <br>\n  <a href=\"\/pali-reading-guide\/\">Learn to Read P\u0101li<\/a>\n  <span class=\"separator\">\u203a<\/span>\n  <span>Lesson 1<\/span>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de8f401 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"de8f401\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pali-consonant-pronunciation-khmer-guide-1024x538.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4309\" alt=\"P\u0101li consonant pronunciation guide showing Ka\u1e47\u1e6dhaja, T\u0101luja, Muddhaja, Dantaja and O\u1e6d\u1e6dhaja sound positions\" srcset=\"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pali-consonant-pronunciation-khmer-guide-1024x538.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pali-consonant-pronunciation-khmer-guide-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pali-consonant-pronunciation-khmer-guide-768x403.jpg 768w, https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pali-consonant-pronunciation-khmer-guide-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pali-consonant-pronunciation-khmer-guide.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44dae31 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44dae31\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1ae037 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f1ae037\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf45123 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cf45123\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How P\u0101li Consonant and Vowel Sounds Are Formed<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e63a20a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e63a20a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"813\" data-end=\"913\">\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17c1\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1799\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b8 <strong data-start=\"843\" data-end=\"873\">\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8<\/strong> \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d4<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"915\" data-end=\"1110\">\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1791\u17c5\u178f\u17b6\u1798 <strong data-start=\"953\" data-end=\"979\">\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784<\/strong> \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1787\u17b6 \u1794\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1780 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u17bc\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u1792\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1789 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u1794\u17bc\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d4 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b8\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1799\u17be\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1793 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u17d4<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"1112\" data-end=\"1364\">In this lesson, we will learn where P\u0101li consonant sounds are produced and how the different groups of sounds are formed in the mouth. Understanding the position of the tongue, teeth, palate, throat and lips can help us pronounce P\u0101li more clearly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c9777c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7c9777c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c0d634 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c0d634\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17c2\u1784\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f0fc46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f0fc46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why Are P\u0101li Consonants Divided into Groups?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f91aa91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f91aa91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"1564\" data-end=\"1670\">\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u17c3\u178a\u1793\u17d2\u1799\u1791\u17c1\u17d4 \u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u1791\u17c5\u178f\u17b6\u1798 <strong data-start=\"1639\" data-end=\"1657\">\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784<\/strong> \u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d4<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"1672\" data-end=\"1767\">\u17a7\u1791\u17b6\u17a0\u179a\u178e\u17cd \u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17c7\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1794\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1780 \u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17c7\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u17bc\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17c7\u1793\u17c5\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17c7\u1793\u17c5\u1792\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1789 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17c7\u1791\u17c0\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1794\u1794\u17bc\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d4<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"1769\" data-end=\"1864\">\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1787\u17bd\u1799\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1799\u17be\u1784\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u179f\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u17d4<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"1866\" data-end=\"2013\">The P\u0101li consonants are not arranged into groups randomly. They are organised according to the place where each sound is produced in the mouth.<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"2015\" data-end=\"2245\">Some sounds are produced at the throat, some at the palate, some at the roof of the mouth, some at the teeth, and others at the lips. Understanding these places of articulation helps us pronounce and read P\u0101li more accurately.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97be525 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97be525\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u17d7\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u17e5 \u1793\u17c3\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab61651 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ab61651\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Five Main Consonant Groups<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7193741 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7193741\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178b\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 Ka\u1e47\u1e6dhaja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f30e94d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f30e94d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u1780\u17be\u178f\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1794\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1780<br data-start=\"515\" data-end=\"518\" \/><em data-start=\"518\" data-end=\"550\">Sounds produced at the throat.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc86ae9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc86ae9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u178f\u17b6\u179b\u17bb\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 T\u0101luja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cecfb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8cecfb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u1780\u17be\u178f\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u17bc\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb<br data-start=\"594\" data-end=\"597\" \/><em data-start=\"597\" data-end=\"629\">Sounds produced at the palate.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8812d1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8812d1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1798\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 Muddhaja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13681d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13681d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u1780\u17be\u178f\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1790\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799<br data-start=\"700\" data-end=\"703\" \/><em data-start=\"703\" data-end=\"786\">Sounds produced at the roof of the mouth, with the tip of the tongue curled back.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c97e2f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c97e2f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 Dantaja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17ae0ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17ae0ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u1780\u17be\u178f\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1792\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1789<br data-start=\"826\" data-end=\"829\" \/><em data-start=\"829\" data-end=\"860\">Sounds produced at the teeth.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b3adb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b3adb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17b1\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 O\u1e6d\u1e6dhaja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d23b3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d23b3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u1780\u17be\u178f\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u1794\u17bc\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb<br data-start=\"904\" data-end=\"907\" \/><em data-start=\"907\" data-end=\"939\">Sounds produced with the lips.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f97bac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f97bac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5b9c5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f5b9c5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17e1. \u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178b\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 Ka\u1e47\u1e6dhaja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a570915 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a570915\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1794\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1780<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-028ed33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"028ed33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sounds Produced at the Throat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbaa38a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bbaa38a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1780 \u1781 \u1782 \u1783 \u1784<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37e8fc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"37e8fc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ka \u00b7 kha \u00b7 ga \u00b7 gha \u00b7 \u1e45a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9af6d64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9af6d64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\" https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178b\u1787\u17c8.mp3 \" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2bf0e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1c2bf0e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7eb5c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7eb5c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178b\u1787\u17c8 (Ka\u1e47\u1e6dhaja)<\/strong> \u1787\u17b6\u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1793\u17c3\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178f\u17c6\u1794\u1793\u17cb\u1794\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1780\u17d4<\/p><p>\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1799\u17be\u1784\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784 <strong>\u1780 \u1781 \u1782 \u1783 \u1784<\/strong> \u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1793\u17c3\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1793\u17c3\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d4<\/p><p>\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1793\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1799\u17ba\u178f\u17d7\u17d6<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c837175 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c837175\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1780 \u2014 ka<br>\n\u1781 \u2014 kha<br>\n\u1782 \u2014 ga<br>\n\u1783 \u2014 gha<br>\n\u1784 \u2014 \u1e45a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f8b5a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f8b5a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u179f\u17bc\u1798\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17c1\u178f\u1790\u17b6 \u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c3\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u178e\u17c8\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6 \u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17d4<\/p><p>These five sounds are produced at the throat, but they differ in how the voice and breath are used.<\/p><h3>\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6<\/h3><p>Listen to the Difference<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea47af5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ea47af5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1780 \u2014 ka<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be4c46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1be4c46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\" https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u1780-\u2014-ka1.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4edfc1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4edfc1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1781 \u2014 kha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a392f72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a392f72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\" https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u1781-\u2014-kha1.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d76bbc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d76bbc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1782 \u2014 ga<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a6ef27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a6ef27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\" https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u1782-\u2014-ga1.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9941e93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9941e93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1783 \u2014 gha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-287defe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"287defe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\" https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u1783-\u2014-gha1.mp3 \" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-187c785 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"187c785\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1784 \u2014 \u1e45a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b600b22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b600b22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\" https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u1784-\u2014-\u1e45a1.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-caff52f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"caff52f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u17a2\u17b6\u1793 <strong>kha<\/strong> \u1793\u17b7\u1784 <strong>gha<\/strong> \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1784 <strong>ka<\/strong> \u1793\u17b7\u1784 <strong>ga<\/strong>\u17d4<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1b097e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a1b097e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d92939f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d92939f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1723af6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1723af6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17e2. \u178f\u17b6\u179b\u17bb\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 T\u0101luja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d36dfac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d36dfac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u17bc\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-351a852 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"351a852\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sounds Produced at the Palate<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89b3a2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"89b3a2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1785 \u1786 \u1787 \u1788 \u1789<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86f7ac4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"86f7ac4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>ca \u00b7 cha \u00b7 ja \u00b7 jha \u00b7 \u00f1a<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e5586c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e5586c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\" https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u178f\u17b6\u179b\u17bb\u1787\u17c8.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f829797 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f829797\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u178f\u17b6\u179b\u17bb\u1787\u17c8 (T\u0101luja)<\/strong> \u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17c6\u1794\u1793\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u17bc\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d4<\/p><p>\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179b\u1793\u17c3\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u179b\u17be\u1780\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u17bc\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u17d4<\/p><p>\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u1799\u17ba\u178f\u17d7\u17d6<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-723381a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"723381a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1785 \u2014 ca<br>\n\u1786 \u2014 cha<br>\n\u1787 \u2014 ja<br>\n\u1788 \u2014 jha<br>\n\u1789 \u2014 \u00f1a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1379664 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1379664\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u179f\u17bc\u1798\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5ba561 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a5ba561\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1785 \u2014 ca<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7588a76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7588a76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\" https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u1785-\u2014-ca2.mp3 \" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b43b52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b43b52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1786 \u2014 cha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cff6f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cff6f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u1786-\u2014-cha2.mp3 \" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7158e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0a7158e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1787 \u2014 ja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a605ab0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a605ab0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u1787-\u2014-ja2.mp3 \" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1f29df elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d1f29df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1788 \u2014 jha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df22266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df22266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u1788-\u2014-jha2.mp3 \" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b67080 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7b67080\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1789 \u2014 \u00f1a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-377f902 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"377f902\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u1789-\u2014-na2.mp3 \" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3286c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a3286c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u1789 \u2014 \u00f1a<\/strong> \u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17bb\u17c7\u17d4 \u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17bb\u17c7\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17d4<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9b499e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b9b499e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cd2461 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2cd2461\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-637fbe7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"637fbe7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17e3. \u1798\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 Muddhaja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dc2245 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3dc2245\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1790\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1681ded elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1681ded\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Retroflex \/ Cerebral Sounds<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a5c15d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8a5c15d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u178a \u178b \u178c \u178d \u178e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fef9115 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fef9115\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u1e6da \u00b7 \u1e6dha \u00b7 \u1e0da \u00b7 \u1e0dha \u00b7 \u1e47a<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8627aa1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8627aa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u1798\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1787\u17c8.mp3 \" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afe35f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"afe35f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784 <strong data-start=\"458\" data-end=\"471\">\u178a \u178b \u178c \u178d \u178e<\/strong> \u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u178f\u17cb\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1790\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u17c9\u17c7 \u17ac\u1781\u17b7\u178f\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d4<br \/><br \/>The sounds <strong data-start=\"557\" data-end=\"585\">\u1e6da \u00b7 \u1e6dha \u00b7 \u1e0da \u00b7 \u1e0dha \u00b7 \u1e47a<\/strong> are pronounced by curling the tip of the tongue back toward the roof of the mouth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c5117b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1c5117b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u178a \u2014 \u1e6da<br>\n\u178b \u2014 \u1e6dha<br>\n\u178c \u2014 \u1e0da<br>\n\u178d \u2014\u1e0dha<br>\n\u178e \u2014 \u1e47a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef31ee4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ef31ee4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u179f\u17bc\u1798\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-531a391 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"531a391\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u178a \u2014 \u1e6da<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2aa7c82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2aa7c82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u178b \u2014 \u1e6dha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfe8eb8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bfe8eb8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d22a0a3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d22a0a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd41d5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cd41d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17e4. \u1791\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 Dantaja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2220693 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2220693\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17c6\u1794\u1793\u17cb\u1792\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1789<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1b24ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a1b24ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sounds Produced at the Teeth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19f23de elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"19f23de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u178f \u1790 \u1791 \u1792 \u1793<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b418c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b418c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>ta \u00b7 tha \u00b7 da \u00b7 dha \u00b7 na<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-100ad44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"100ad44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17c8.mp3 \" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e252f39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e252f39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17c8 (Dantaja)<\/strong> \u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1799\u1780\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u1794\u17c9\u17c7 \u17ac\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u1792\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1789\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be\u17d4<\/p><p>\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799 <strong>\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u178f (danta)<\/strong> \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799\u1790\u17b6 <strong>\u1792\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1789<\/strong>\u17d4 \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7 <strong>\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17c8<\/strong> \u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1799\u17be\u1784\u1785\u1784\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1790\u17b6 \u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17c6\u1794\u1793\u17cb\u1792\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1789\u17d4<\/p><p>Dantaja means dental sounds. They are pronounced with the tip of the tongue at or against the upper teeth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e268ee3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e268ee3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f<\/h3><p>\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784 <strong>\u178f \u1790 \u1791 \u1792 \u1793<\/strong> \u1785\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1791\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u17bb\u1781 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u17c9\u17c7 \u17ac\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u1792\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1789\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be\u17d4<\/p><h3>\u17a0\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u1793 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f376a71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f376a71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u178f \u2014 ta<br>\n\u1790 \u2014 tha<br>\n\u1791 \u2014 da<br>\n\u1792 \u2014 dha<br>\n\u1793 \u2014 na<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a066db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a066db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb<\/h3><p>\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784 <strong>tha<\/strong> \u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1797\u17b6\u179f\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8 <strong>\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784 \u201cth\u201d \u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1797\u17b6\u179f\u17b6\u17a2\u1784\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179b\u17c1\u179f<\/strong> \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799 <em>think<\/em> \u17ac <em>this<\/em> \u1791\u17c1\u17d4<\/p><p><strong>tha<\/strong> \u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784 <strong>ta<\/strong> \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u17d4<\/p><p>\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u178a\u17c2\u179a\u17d6<\/p><p><strong>da \u2192 dha<\/strong><\/p><p>\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784 <strong>dha<\/strong> \u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784 <strong>da<\/strong> \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u17d4 \u179c\u17b6 <strong>\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b6 \u201cd + ha\u201d \u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u1791\u17c1<\/strong>\u17d4<\/p><p>\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1782\u17ba \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a0\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u17ae\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784 <strong>ta \/ tha<\/strong> \u1793\u17b7\u1784 <strong>da \/ dha<\/strong>\u17d4<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52607cd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"52607cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c090d79 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c090d79\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-051fcaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"051fcaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17e5. \u17b1\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 O\u1e6d\u1e6dhaja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8eb7b8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8eb7b8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1794\u1794\u17bc\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5986afe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5986afe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sounds Produced with the Lips<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4298f90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4298f90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1794 \u1795 \u1796 \u1797 \u1798<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef0a38a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef0a38a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>pa \u00b7 pha \u00b7 ba \u00b7 bha \u00b7 ma<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-425b684 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"425b684\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u17b1\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u1787\u17c8.mp3 \" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c486a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c486a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"588\" data-end=\"711\"><strong data-start=\"588\" data-end=\"608\">\u17b1\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u1787\u17c8 (O\u1e6d\u1e6dhaja)<\/strong> \u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u1794\u17bc\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d4 \u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1794\u1794\u17bc\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u17d4<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"713\" data-end=\"809\">O\u1e6d\u1e6dhaja refers to sounds produced with the lips. The two lips are used to form these sounds.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-480fa98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"480fa98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>\u17a0\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u1793 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u00b7 Practise<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dabd21b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dabd21b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1794 \u2014 pa<br>\n\u1795 \u2014 pha<br>\n\u1796 \u2014 ba<br>\n\u1797 \u2014 bha<br>\n\u1798 \u2014 ma<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e0f047 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e0f047\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\" data-section-id=\"18unlvw\" data-start=\"926\" data-end=\"958\">\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u00b7 Important Note<\/h3><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"1057\"><strong data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"967\">pha<\/strong> \u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784 <strong data-start=\"976\" data-end=\"982\">pa<\/strong> \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u17d4<br data-start=\"1007\" data-end=\"1010\" \/><strong data-start=\"1010\" data-end=\"1017\">bha<\/strong> \u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784 <strong data-start=\"1026\" data-end=\"1032\">ba<\/strong> \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u17d4<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1189\"><strong data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1066\">pha<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"1071\" data-end=\"1078\">bha<\/strong> are aspirated sounds. The <strong data-start=\"1105\" data-end=\"1110\">h<\/strong> indicates an extra breath of air; it is not pronounced as a separate syllable.<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"1191\" data-end=\"1215\"><strong data-start=\"1191\" data-end=\"1215\">\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17d6<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"1217\" data-end=\"1244\"><strong data-start=\"1217\" data-end=\"1229\">pa \u2194 pha<\/strong><br data-start=\"1229\" data-end=\"1232\" \/><strong data-start=\"1232\" data-end=\"1244\">ba \u2194 bha<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00eee1d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"00eee1d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4fd281 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d4fd281\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c75ef2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c75ef2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17e6. \u179f\u17b6\u179f\u179c\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 S\u0101savaja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a13ee9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5a13ee9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1796\u17b8 \u17e5 \u179c\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad8d8f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad8d8f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Consonants Outside the Five Main Groups<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3910cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3910cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1796\u17b8\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u17e5 \u179c\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be \u1797\u17b6\u179f\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u1793\u17c5\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793\u1791\u17c0\u178f \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179c\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u17e5 \u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1\u17d4<\/p><p>\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1780\u17cf\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17c8\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u1791\u179f\u17bc\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u1795\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179a\u17d4&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<\/p><p>In addition to the five main consonant groups above, P\u0101li has several other consonants that do not belong to those five groups.<\/p><p>These sounds are also important when reading P\u0101li words and chants.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0127dd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0127dd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1799 \u179a \u179b \u179c \u179f \u17a0 \u17a1 \u17a2\u17c6<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adf62f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"adf62f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">ya \u00b7 ra \u00b7 la \u00b7 va \u00b7 sa \u00b7 ha \u00b7 \u1e37a \u00b7 \u1e43<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74ea0d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"74ea0d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u179c\u1787\u17c8.mp3 \" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e67bab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e67bab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>\u17a0\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u1793 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u00b7 Practise<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0e56e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e0e56e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1799 \u2014 ya<br>\n\u179a \u2014 ra<br>\n\u179b \u2014 la<br>\n\u179c \u2014 va<br>\n\u179f \u2014 sa<br>\n\u17a0 \u2014 ha<br>\n\u17a1 \u2014 \u1e37a<br>\n\u17a2\u17c6 \u2014 \u1e43<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-998b58a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"998b58a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\" data-section-id=\"1rky759\" data-start=\"1166\" data-end=\"1183\">\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb<\/h3><h3 dir=\"auto\" data-section-id=\"lgtwr4\" data-start=\"1184\" data-end=\"1202\">Important Note<\/h3><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"1204\" data-end=\"1289\">\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u1787\u17b6\u179c\u1782\u17d2\u1782 \u17e5 \u178f\u17bd \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1787\u17b6 <strong data-start=\"1253\" data-end=\"1266\">\u1780 \u1781 \u1782 \u1783 \u1784<\/strong> \u17ac <strong data-start=\"1269\" data-end=\"1282\">\u178f \u1790 \u1791 \u1792 \u1793<\/strong> \u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1\u17d4<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"1291\" data-end=\"1344\">\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1799\u17be\u1784\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u179c\u17b6\u178a\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u17a1\u17c2\u1780\u1796\u17b8\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u17e5 \u179c\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be\u17d4<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"1346\" data-end=\"1527\">These consonants are not arranged in five-letter groups like ka \u00b7 kha \u00b7 ga \u00b7 gha \u00b7 \u1e45a or ta \u00b7 tha \u00b7 da \u00b7 dha \u00b7 na. Therefore, we learn them separately from the five main groups.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d138738 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d138738\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7770e1e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7770e1e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63475ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"63475ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17e7. \u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c8 \u2014 Vowels<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdff1f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fdff1f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c8\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u17e8 \u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1797\u17b6\u179f\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e15442 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1e15442\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Eight P\u0101li Vowels<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d97d39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d97d39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u1799\u17be\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u179a\u17bd\u1785\u17a0\u17be\u1799 \u17a5\u17a1\u17bc\u179c\u1799\u17be\u1784\u1798\u1780\u1798\u17be\u179b \u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c8\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u17e8 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1797\u17b6\u179f\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u17d4&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<\/p><p>Now that we have learned the consonants, we can look at the eight vowels used in P\u0101li.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ff43b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8ff43b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17a2 \u17a2\u17b6 \u17a5 \u17a6 \u17a7 \u17a9 \u17af \u17b1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04efe38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"04efe38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">a \u00b7 \u0101 \u00b7 i \u00b7 \u012b \u00b7 u \u00b7 \u016b \u00b7 e \u00b7 o<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f627fcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f627fcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pali-listen\">\n\n  <button class=\"pali-play\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"togglePaliAudio(this)\">\n    \ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\n  <\/button>\n\n  <audio preload=\"metadata\">\n    <source src=\"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c8\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17e8.mp3 \" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n  <\/audio>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\nfunction togglePaliAudio(button) {\n  const audio = button.nextElementSibling;\n\n  if (audio.paused) {\n    audio.play();\n    button.innerHTML = \"\u23f8 \u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\";\n  } else {\n    audio.pause();\n    audio.currentTime = 0;\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  }\n\n  audio.onended = function() {\n    button.innerHTML = \"\ud83d\udd0a \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\";\n  };\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n.pali-play {\n  font-family: \"Noto Sans Khmer\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #333333;\n  background: #FFFDF8;\n  border: 1px solid #E7D8AE;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 14px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  transition: 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.pali-play:hover {\n  background: #F8EED3;\n  border-color: #D6A72C;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0abdb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0abdb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>\u17a0\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u1793 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u00b7 Practise<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13d400a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13d400a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17a2 \u2014 a<br>\n\u17a2\u17b6 \u2014 \u0101<br>\n\u17a5 \u2014 i<br>\n\u17a6 \u2014 \u012b<br>\n\u17a7 \u2014 u<br>\n\u17a9 \u2014 \u016b<br>\n\u17af \u2014 e<br>\n\u17b1 \u2014 o<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da897f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da897f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\" data-section-id=\"1c81i8f\" data-start=\"2019\" data-end=\"2043\">\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c8\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b8 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c8\u179c\u17c2\u1784<\/h2><h3 dir=\"auto\" data-section-id=\"1kpqsgx\" data-start=\"2044\" data-end=\"2069\">Short and Long Vowels<\/h3><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"2071\" data-end=\"2115\">\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c8\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17c7\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b8 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c8\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17c7\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u17d4<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"2117\" data-end=\"2202\">\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b8 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u179c\u17c2\u1784 \u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1799\u17be\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u17d4<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"2204\" data-end=\"2330\">Some P\u0101li vowels are short and others are long. Recognising this difference helps us pronounce P\u0101li words more accurately.<\/p><h3 dir=\"auto\" data-section-id=\"ytcz1d\" data-start=\"2332\" data-end=\"2347\">\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1792\u17c0\u1794<\/h3><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"2349\" data-end=\"2416\"><strong data-start=\"2349\" data-end=\"2367\">\u17a2 \u2014 a \u2194 \u17a2\u17b6 \u2014 \u0101<\/strong>\u00a0<br data-start=\"2370\" data-end=\"2373\" \/><strong data-start=\"2373\" data-end=\"2390\">\u17a5 \u2014 i \u2194 \u17a6 \u2014 \u012b<\/strong>\u00a0<br data-start=\"2393\" data-end=\"2396\" \/><strong data-start=\"2396\" data-end=\"2413\">\u17a7 \u2014 u \u2194 \u17a9 \u2014 \u016b<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p><h3 dir=\"auto\" data-section-id=\"13e7ohz\" data-start=\"2418\" data-end=\"2434\">\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c8 \u17af \u1793\u17b7\u1784 \u17b1<\/h3><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"2436\" data-end=\"2457\"><strong data-start=\"2436\" data-end=\"2445\">\u17af \u2014 e<\/strong><br data-start=\"2445\" data-end=\"2448\" \/><strong data-start=\"2448\" data-end=\"2457\">\u17b1 \u2014 o<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"2459\" data-end=\"2581\">\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c8 <strong data-start=\"2464\" data-end=\"2473\">\u17af (e)<\/strong> \u1793\u17b7\u1784 <strong data-start=\"2478\" data-end=\"2487\">\u17b1 (o)<\/strong> \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u17b6 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1799\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1783\u17be\u1789\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c8\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c6\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17c1\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17d7\u17d4<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"2583\" data-end=\"2716\">The vowels e and o have their own sounds. We will see how these vowels combine with consonants as we continue through the course.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-058621b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"058621b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3b6122 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3b6122\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eaccc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5eaccc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17a5\u17a1\u17bc\u179c\u1799\u17be\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdd454b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bdd454b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Now We Can Put the Sounds Together<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e109e6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e109e6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u17a5\u17a1\u17bc\u179c\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1799\u17be\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u17d6<\/p><p>\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8 \u17e5 \u179c\u1782\u17d2\u1782<br \/>\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u179c\u1782\u17d2\u1782<br \/>\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c8\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u17e8<\/p><p>\u1799\u17be\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1799\u1780\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1798\u1780\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c6\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u17d4<\/p><p>We have now learned the five main consonant groups, the additional consonants, and the eight P\u0101li vowels.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db64605 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db64605\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\" data-section-id=\"ui5mr6\" data-start=\"3122\" data-end=\"3131\">\u1785\u1784\u1785\u17b6\u17c6<\/h3><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"3133\" data-end=\"3196\"><strong data-start=\"3133\" data-end=\"3196\">\u1798\u17be\u179b\u17a2\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u179a \u2192 \u179f\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784 \u2192 \u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784 \u2192 \u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c6\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784 \u2192 \u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"3198\" data-end=\"3290\">See the letter \u2192 recognise the sound \u2192 pronounce it \u2192 combine the sounds \u2192 read the word<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-165bced e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"165bced\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb49850 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb49850\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17e8. \u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u1793 \u17e5 \u178f\u17bd?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dada76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1dada76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why Are There Five Consonants in Each Group?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afd27db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"afd27db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u17a5\u17a1\u17bc\u179c\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1798\u17c1\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1782\u17bd\u179a\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178e\u17cd \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17c1\u178f\u1783\u17be\u1789\u1790\u17b6 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 <strong>\u17e5 \u178f\u17bd<\/strong> \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17d4<\/p><p>Now the lesson becomes even more interesting, because you may notice that each group contains exactly five consonants.<\/p><p>\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1786\u17d2\u1784\u179b\u17cb\u1790\u17b6\u17d6<\/p><p>You may be wondering:<strong><br \/><\/strong><\/p><p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 [&quot;blockquote&quot;,{&quot;start&quot;:368,&quot;end&quot;:469}]\"><em><strong>\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8 \u17e5 \u178f\u17bd?<\/strong><\/em><br \/><em>Why does every group contain five consonants?<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0132060 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0132060\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1782\u17ba \u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u17e5 \u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7 \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179b\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17d4<\/p><p>The reason is that the five consonants in each group follow the same sound pattern.<\/p><p>\u1799\u17be\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1783\u17be\u1789\u179b\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1784\u17b6\u1799 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1791\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d6<\/p><p>We can see this pattern clearly by starting with the first group:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fd9fe5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5fd9fe5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1780 \u1781 \u1782 \u1783 \u1784<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddbe8f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ddbe8f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">ka \u00b7 kha \u00b7 ga \u00b7 gha \u00b7 \u1e45a<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34e171d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"34e171d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1780 \u2014 ka<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88321bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"88321bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798<br \/>Without aspiration<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b41cd01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b41cd01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1781 \u2014 kha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d099aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d099aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798<\/strong><br \/><strong>With aspiration \/ extra breath<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60c2e81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60c2e81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1782 \u2014 ga<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25638a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25638a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1794\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1780 (voiced)<\/strong><br \/><strong>Voiced<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a8f566 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a8f566\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1783 \u2014 gha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29ab0a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29ab0a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1794\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1780 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798<\/strong><br \/><strong>Voiced + aspirated<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57e34ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"57e34ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1784 \u2014 \u1e45a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-154c863 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"154c863\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17bb\u17c7<\/strong><br \/><strong>Nasal<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccca4ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ccca4ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17c1\u178f\u1798\u17be\u179b\u179b\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u17c6<\/h2><h5>Notice the Pattern<\/h5><p>\u179b\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u1784\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u1784\u1791\u17c0\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u17e5\u17d4<\/p><p>The same pattern is repeated across all five groups.<\/p><p><strong>ka \u2192 kha \u2192 ga \u2192 gha \u2192 \u1e45a<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>ca \u2192 cha \u2192 ja \u2192 jha \u2192 \u00f1a<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u1e6da \u2192 \u1e6dha \u2192 \u1e0da \u2192 \u1e0dha \u2192 \u1e47a<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>ta \u2192 tha \u2192 da \u2192 dha \u2192 na<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>pa \u2192 pha \u2192 ba \u2192 bha \u2192 ma<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-781a560 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"781a560\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1785\u1784\u1785\u17b6\u17c6<\/h3><h3>Key Idea to Remember<\/h3><p>\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 <strong>\u17e2\u17e5 \u178f\u17bd<\/strong> \u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u179a \u17e2\u17e5 \u178f\u17bd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1\u17d4<\/p><p>These 25 consonants are not simply 25 unrelated letters.<\/p><p>\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u17b7\u178f \u1796\u17bd\u1780\u179c\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u1787\u17b6 <strong>\u17e5 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798<\/strong> \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u1798\u17b6\u1793 <strong>\u17e5 \u178f\u17bd<\/strong> \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179b\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17d4<\/p><p>Instead, they are organised into five groups, with five consonants in each group following the same sound pattern.<\/p><p>\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1799\u17be\u1784\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u179b\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u1780\u17cf\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1799\u17be\u1784\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1785\u1784\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u17a2\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u17e2\u17e5 \u178f\u17bd \u178a\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u17a1\u17c2\u1780\u1796\u17b8\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17c0\u178f\u1791\u17c1\u17d4<\/p><p>Once we understand this pattern, learning the P\u0101li consonants becomes much easier because we no longer need to think of all 25 letters as separate, unrelated sounds.<\/p><h3>\u17e5 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798 \u00d7 \u17e5 \u178f\u17bd = \u17e2\u17e5 \u178f\u17bd<\/h3><p>5 groups \u00d7 5 consonants = 25 consonants<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9da422 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e9da422\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9b1560 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e9b1560\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17e9. \u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17b6\u178f\u178a\u17c3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31cd0cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31cd0cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Feel the Difference in Aspiration<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47a41a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"47a41a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1787\u17b6\u179b\u17c6\u17a0\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17d4<\/p><h3>\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u178f\u178a\u17c3\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17b8\u1798\u17bb\u1781\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb<\/h3><p>\u1793\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1799\u17ba\u178f\u17d7\u17d6<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66c3a6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"66c3a6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1780 \u2014 ka<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709523b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"709523b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1798\u1780\u17d6<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bce33c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7bce33c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1781 \u2014 kha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bc179d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2bc179d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u179f\u17bc\u1798\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17c1\u178f\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17d4 \u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1793\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u1799 <strong>\u1781 \u2014 kha<\/strong> \u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178e\u17cd\u1790\u17b6 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1794\u17b6\u178f\u178a\u17c3\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1793\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u1799 <strong>\u1780 \u2014 ka<\/strong>\u17d4<\/p><p>Notice the difference. When you say \u1781 \u2014 kha, you should feel a stronger puff of air against your palm than when you say \u1780 \u2014 ka.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d78e980 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d78e980\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6cd890 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a6cd890\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Try These Sound Pairs<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cefd473 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cefd473\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1780 \u2014 ka \u2194 \u1781 \u2014 kha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f98e33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f98e33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1785 \u2014 ca \u2194 \u1786 \u2014 cha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6063b4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6063b4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u178f \u2014 ta \u2194 \u1790 \u2014 tha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d220eee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d220eee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1794 \u2014 pa \u2194 \u1795 \u2014 pha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3874132 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3874132\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17bc\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u1799\u17ba\u178f\u17d7 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17c1\u178f\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1790\u17b6 \u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1791\u17b8\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1791\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d4<\/p><p>Say each pair slowly and notice that the second sound has a stronger release of air than the first.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a616bf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a616bf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u1785\u1784\u1785\u17b6\u17c6<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29cacad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29cacad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An easy way to remember<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b598d0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b598d0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1780 \u2014 ka \u2192 \u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ebad23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ebad23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1780 \u2014 ka \u2192 No strong puff of air<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e123d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b7e123d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1781 \u2014 kha \u2192 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1784<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70476ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"70476ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1781 \u2014 kha \u2192 Stronger puff of air<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12d2874 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12d2874\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u179b\u17c6\u17a0\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780 <strong>\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb<\/strong> \u1793\u17bc\u179c\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u17d4<\/p><p>This simple exercise helps you physically feel the difference between an unaspirated and an aspirated consonant.<\/p><p>\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u179a\u17c0\u1793 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17b6\u1798\u1785\u1784\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f <strong>\u201caspiration\u201d<\/strong> \u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u17d7\u1791\u17c1\u17d4<\/p><p>As a beginner, you do not need to memorise the technical word \u201caspiration\u201d straight away.<\/p><p>\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1785\u1784\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1790\u17b6\u17d6<\/p><p><strong>For now, simply remember:<\/strong><\/p><h3>\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u2192 \u1780 \u2014 ka<\/h3><h3>\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1784 \u2192 \u1781 \u2014 kha<\/h3><p>No strong puff of air<strong> \u2192 \u1780 \u2014 ka<\/strong><\/p><p>Stronger puff of air<strong> \u2192 \u1781 \u2014 kha<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf28e11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bf28e11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84b9239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"84b9239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17e1\u17e0. \u1798\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1787\u17c8 \u1793\u17b7\u1784 \u1791\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17c8<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3864769 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3864769\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Retroflex and Dental Sounds<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d045b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d045b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1782\u17bd\u179a\u1799\u1780\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u17b6\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u179f\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u178a\u17c0\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6 \u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17c2 <strong>\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6<\/strong>\u17d4<\/p><p>These are two sound groups that beginners should pay special attention to. They may sound similar at first, but the position of the tongue is different.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-703cfab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"703cfab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u1798\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 Muddhaja<\/h3><p>\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1790\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799<\/p><p>Tip of the tongue curls back<\/p><p><strong>\u178a \u2014 \u1e6da \u00b7 \u178b \u2014 \u1e6dha \u00b7 \u178c \u2014 \u1e0da \u00b7 \u178d \u2014\u1e0dha \u00b7 \u178e \u2014 \u1e47a<\/strong><\/p><p>\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798 <strong>\u1798\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1787\u17c8<\/strong> \u1785\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1791\u17c5\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1792\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1789\u1791\u17c1\u17d4 \u1785\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1794\u178f\u17cb\u1790\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799 \u1786\u17d2\u1796\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d4<\/p><p><strong>W<\/strong>hen pronouncing Muddhaja sounds, the tip of the tongue does not move toward the teeth. Instead, it curls back toward the roof of the mouth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-360cf40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"360cf40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 Dantaja<\/h3><p>\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u17bb\u1781 \u1787\u17b7\u178f\u1792\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1789<\/p><p>Tip of the tongue moves forward, near the teeth<\/p><p><strong>\u178f \u2014 ta \u00b7 \u1790 \u2014 tha \u00b7 \u1791 \u2014 da \u00b7 \u1792 \u2014 dha \u00b7 \u1793 \u2014 na<\/strong><\/p><p>\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798 <strong>\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17c8<\/strong> \u1785\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u17bb\u1781 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u17c9\u17c7 \u17ac\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u1792\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1789\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be\u17d4<\/p><p>When pronouncing Dantaja sounds, the tip of the tongue moves forward and touches or comes close to the upper teeth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-539ebd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"539ebd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1782\u17bc<\/h3><h3>Listen to the Sounds in Pairs<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fcd6de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1fcd6de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>\u178a \u2014 \u1e6da \u2194 \u178f \u2014 ta<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>\u178b \u2014 \u1e6dha \u2194 \u1790 \u2014 tha<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>\u178c \u2014 \u1e0da \u2194 \u1791 \u2014 da<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>\u178d \u2014\u1e0dha \u2194 \u1792 \u2014 dha<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>\u178e \u2014 \u1e47a \u2194 \u1793 \u2014 na<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-def857a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"def857a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u179f\u17bc\u1798\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17bc\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u1799\u17ba\u178f\u17d7 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17c1\u178f\u1798\u17be\u179b <strong>\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f<\/strong> \u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u17d4<\/p><p>Listen to each pair slowly and pay attention to the position of your tongue as you pronounce each sound.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8a7bcb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d8a7bcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u1785\u1784\u1785\u17b6\u17c6<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5355c00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5355c00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An Easy Way to Remember<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-717ef40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"717ef40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1798\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1787\u17c8 \u2192 \u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1794\u178f\u17cb\u1790\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eac388a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eac388a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>Muddhaja \u2192 Tongue curls back<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b02d70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6b02d70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17c8 \u2192 \u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u17bb\u1781 \u1787\u17b7\u178f\u1792\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1789<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc1e461 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc1e461\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>Dantaja \u2192 Tongue moves forward toward the teeth<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c96e0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c96e0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">\u1780\u17bb\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1797\u1794\u17be\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u1784\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u179f\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17ae\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u17d4 \u179f\u17bc\u1798\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a0\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u1784\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u1784\u1791\u17c0\u178f\u17d4 \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u1784\u17d7 \u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u179f\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17d4<\/p><p>Do not worry if you cannot hear the difference clearly at first. Listen and practise repeatedly. With practice, the distinction between the two groups will become easier to recognise.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-524ea11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"524ea11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b18c60d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b18c60d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Most Important Point<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc2823b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc2823b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>\u1798\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1787\u17c8 = \u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1790\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-867d57a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"867d57a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>Muddhaja = Tongue back<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25eea15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25eea15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17c8 = \u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u1798\u17bb\u1781 \u1787\u17b7\u178f\u1792\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1789<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9033630 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9033630\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>Dantaja = Tongue forward, near the teeth<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3472ee e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f3472ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-125413d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"125413d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17e1\u17e1. \u17a0\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a846909 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a846909\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recognising the Groups<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa885c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa885c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u179f\u17bc\u1798\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u17af\u1784\u17d4 \u1798\u17be\u179b\u17a2\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u179a \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1782\u17b7\u178f\u1790\u17b6 \u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178e\u17b6 \u1798\u17bb\u1793\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1794\u17be\u1780\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1799\u17d4<\/p><p>Look at each consonant and try to identify its group before revealing the answer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7433810 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7433810\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>\u1780 \u2014 ka<\/h3><p><strong>\u178f\u17be\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u178f\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u178e\u17b6?<\/strong><\/p><p>\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1799\u17d6<br \/><strong>\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178b\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 Ka\u1e47\u1e6dhaja<\/strong><\/p><h3>\u1789 \u2014 \u00f1a<\/h3><p><strong>\u178f\u17be\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u178f\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u178e\u17b6?<\/strong><\/p><p>\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1799\u17d6<br \/><strong>\u178f\u17b6\u179b\u17bb\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 T\u0101luja<\/strong><\/p><h3>\u1793 \u2014 na<\/h3><p><strong>\u178f\u17be\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u178f\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u178e\u17b6?<\/strong><\/p><p>\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1799\u17d6<br \/><strong>\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 Dantaja<\/strong><\/p><h3>\u1798 \u2014 ma<\/h3><p><strong>\u178f\u17be\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u178f\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u178e\u17b6?<\/strong><\/p><p>\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1799\u17d6<br \/><strong>\u17b1\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 O\u1e6d\u1e6dhaja<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69e05d9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"69e05d9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-259d598 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"259d598\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17e1\u17e2. \u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1781\u17c1\u1794\u1798\u17c1\u179a\u17c0\u1793<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1570df elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f1570df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lesson Summary<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8869f33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8869f33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"176\" data-end=\"255\">\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17c1\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1799\u17be\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8 \u17e5 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u17d7 \u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u17d6<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"257\" data-end=\"310\"><strong data-start=\"257\" data-end=\"278\">\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178b\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 Ka\u1e47\u1e6dhaja<\/strong><br data-start=\"278\" data-end=\"281\" \/>\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1793\u17c3\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"312\" data-end=\"354\"><strong data-start=\"312\" data-end=\"331\">\u178f\u17b6\u179b\u17bb\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 T\u0101luja<\/strong><br data-start=\"331\" data-end=\"334\" \/>\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u17bc\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"356\" data-end=\"402\"><strong data-start=\"356\" data-end=\"378\">\u1798\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 Muddhaja<\/strong><br data-start=\"378\" data-end=\"381\" \/>\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1790\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"404\" data-end=\"453\"><strong data-start=\"404\" data-end=\"424\">\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 Dantaja<\/strong><br data-start=\"424\" data-end=\"427\" \/>\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u17bb\u1781 \u1787\u17b7\u178f\u1792\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1789<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"455\" data-end=\"501\"><strong data-start=\"455\" data-end=\"475\">\u17b1\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u1787\u17c8 \u2014 O\u1e6d\u1e6dhaja<\/strong><br data-start=\"475\" data-end=\"478\" \/>\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u1794\u17bc\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"503\" data-end=\"518\"><strong data-start=\"503\" data-end=\"518\">\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"520\" data-end=\"592\">\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u1787\u17bd\u1799\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1799\u17be\u1784\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u17d4<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"594\" data-end=\"607\"><strong data-start=\"594\" data-end=\"607\">Key Point<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"609\" data-end=\"681\">Knowing where each sound is formed helps us pronounce P\u0101li more clearly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3c29ad e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b3c29ad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-224ceab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"224ceab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u17e1\u17e3. \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u1798\u17c1\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be87835 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"be87835\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Continue to the Next Lesson<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ca78a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ca78a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"748\" data-end=\"810\">\u17a5\u17a1\u17bc\u179c\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1799\u17be\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u17b6\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u17d4<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"812\" data-end=\"917\">\u1793\u17c5\u1798\u17c1\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u1799\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1796\u17b8 <strong data-start=\"839\" data-end=\"872\">\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17bb\u17c6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1791\u17d2\u179c\u17c1<\/strong> \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1799\u17be\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u17d4<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"919\" data-end=\"934\"><strong data-start=\"919\" data-end=\"934\">Next Lesson<\/strong><\/p><h3 dir=\"auto\" data-section-id=\"q5nq7v\" data-start=\"936\" data-end=\"951\">\u1798\u17c1\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1791\u17b8 \u17e4<\/h3><h2 dir=\"auto\" data-section-id=\"p2yb0r\" data-start=\"952\" data-end=\"984\">\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17bb\u17c6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1791\u17d2\u179c\u17c1<\/h2><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"985\" data-end=\"1018\"><strong data-start=\"985\" data-end=\"1018\">Joined and Doubled Consonants<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a67a66 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6a67a66\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca3c9bb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ca3c9bb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cf461f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2cf461f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7597adc elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7597adc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/pali-vowels-consonants-khmer\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u2190 \u1798\u17c1\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1791\u17b8 \u17e2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b814006 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b814006\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/pali-joined-doubled-consonants\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u1798\u17c1\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1791\u17b8 \u17e4 \u2192<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8 \u203a \u1798\u17c1\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1791\u17b8 \u17e1 Learn to Read P\u0101li \u203a Lesson 1 \u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8 How P\u0101li Consonant and Vowel Sounds Are Formed \u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17c1\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1799\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b8 \u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d4 \u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u1793\u17c8\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1791\u17c5\u178f\u17b6\u1798 \u1791\u17b8\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1787\u17b6 \u1794\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1780 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u17bc\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u1792\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1789 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u1794\u17bc\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d4 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b8\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1799\u17be\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1793 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u17d4 In this lesson, we will learn where P\u0101li consonant sounds are produced and how the different groups of sounds are [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4306","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"campaignId":"","_hostinger_reach_plugin_has_subscription_block":false,"_hostinger_reach_plugin_is_elementor":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4306"}],"version-history":[{"count":68,"href":"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4306\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4421,"href":"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4306\/revisions\/4421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/watbuddharangsi.org\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}